La Transumanza

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La transumanza è la migrazione stagionale delle greggi, dalle zone collinari e montane verso i litorali pianeggianti e viceversa.

     

Transumanza2

Transumanza1

In Italia questa antica usanza prese le mosse tra la zona dell'alto Tavoliere-Gargano e l'Abruzzo. Consisteva nel trasportare (transumare, appunto) gli animali dall'alto Tavoliere verso l'Abruzzo.

Questo trasferimento avveniva all'inizio della stagione calda, per andare in cerca di zone fresche dove poter trovare dei pascoli verdi per il bestiame ovino (pecore), prendendo il nome di alpeggio. All'inizio della stagione fredda, si transumava nuovamente verso la pianura più calda, prendendo il nome di monticazione. Tutto ciò avveniva tramite dei sentieri detti tratturi. Il viaggio durava giorni e si effettuavano soste in luoghi prestabiliti, noti come "stazioni di posta".

Storia e attualità

Tale usanza quasi del tutto scomparsa al giorno d'oggi, nei secoli scorsi, condizionava pesantemente la vita del pastore, che non poteva contare sulla presenza delle strutture tipiche dell'agricoltura moderna, quali la stalla, gli impianti di foraggiatura e mungitura, per la refrigerazione del latte.

Al giorno d'oggi è praticata, sia pure in scala ridotta, soltanto in limitate zone italiane, in particolare alcune località alpine e prealpine della Valle d'Aosta, del Piemonte, dell'Altopiano di Asiago e dell'Alto Adige, nonché in altre appenniniche del Molise e dell'Abruzzo (principalmente verso il Tavoliere) e del Lazio.

Transumanza3 Transumanza4

Il termine transumanza viene a volte riferito anche all'allevamento dei bovini. Il trasferimento degli animali avviene oggi spesso utilizzando appositi camion, almeno là dove dove questo è possibile e economicamente conveniente.

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