Paesaggi terrazzati nel Canale di Brenta e dintorni - Quadro territoriale

Autore: Angelo Chemin

’Questa sintesi territoriale intende fornire elementi utili alla tutela e alla valorizzazione dei paesaggi terrazzati nel Canale di Brenta e nel contiguo pedemonte marosticense. E’ organizzata in tre fasi. Nella prima si fornisce un inquadramento territoriale evidenziando il modello di formazione e riconoscendo come fattori strutturali, quali antropizzazione e cultura materiale, genesi, eterogeneità, ecotoni, frammentazione, accessibilità, geo-morfologia, gestione del territorio, caratterizzino la geografia dei paesaggi, il loro mosaico, nell’area in esame.

In prima approssimazione, l’inquadramento restituisce tre ambiti: il fondovalle lungo il corso della Brenta, sponda destra e sinistra; le sponde vallive di destra e sinistra fino al crinale con caratteri geo-morfologici specifici che caratterizzano i due sistemi; gli accessi all’altopiano di Asiago ad ovest e al massiccio del Grappa ad est. Si tratta di tre ambiti preliminari cui corrispondono unità di paesaggio generate, da processi di antropizzazione e produzione storica e preistorica , da microclimi e cicli climatici di lungo periodo e dall’evolversi dei sistemi di difesa.

Ad esempio, sembra esistere una relazione fra sistemi di difesa e messa a coltura. Sui pianori di mezza costa si localizzano gli edifici di avvistamento, mentre a piè di colle l’insediamento o la necropoli. L’insediamento fortificato presuppone un’antropizzazione del fondovalle. Salvo saggi archeologici , i primi insediamenti potrebbero essere avvenuti sui pianori di mezzacosta, a risalire lungo il Canale. Il sistema di valle restituirebbe questo schema, coerente con la tradizione medievale caratterizzata da una stanzialità invernale a fondo valle e dalla transumanza estiva in quota. L’ultima densificazione della mezzacosta è avvenuta nell’800, a partire dal fondovalle. Essa ha tenuto fino alla prima metà del XX secolo, quando la fine del ciclo del tabacco ha aperto le porte ad un’epocale emigrazione delle popolazioni del Canale. Ma considerazioni analoghe potrebbero valere se si analizzassero le relazioni fra modelli spaziali di culto e pratiche colturali.’

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